Journal of Economic Development

ANALISIS PENGARUH FUNDAMENTAL MAKROEKONOMI TERHADAP STABILITAS FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES DI NEGARA ASEAN

2025-12-19T08:51:23+00:00

This study aims to analyse the effect of macroeconomic fundamentals on the stability of foreign
exchange reserves. The method used is panel data regression. Panel data is a combination of time series and
cross-section data. The time series data in this study is the period 2015-2023, while the cross-section data in
this study consists of 11 ASEAN countries, namely Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos,
Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Vietnam. This model is used to see
the effect of exchange rate, interest rate, GDP and FDI on Foreign Exchange Reserves (FER) in 11 ASEAN
countries. The data used is secondary data obtained from the World Bank. The results of the selected Fixed
Effect Model show that Exchange Rates are positively and significantly related to Foreign Exchange Reserves
in 11 ASEAN countries, Interest Rates are negatively and significantly related to Foreign Exchange Reserves
in 11 ASEAN countries, GDP is positively and significantly related to Foreign Exchange Reserves in 11
ASEAN countries, and FDI is positively and insignificantly related to Foreign Exchange Reserves in 11
ASEAN countries.

ANALISIS PENGARUH TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERBUKA, KEMISKINAN DAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI INKLUSIF INDONESIA TAHUN 2015-2021

2025-12-19T06:18:25+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effect of the open unemployment rate, poverty and human development
index on the inclusive economic development index in 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2015-2021. The
analysis used in this study is panel data regression. The software used to conduct the analysis is Eviews 13.
The results of the study indicate that the open unemployment rate has a negative and significant effect with a
significance value of 0.0000, Poverty has a negative and insignificant effect with a significance value of
0.0605 and the Human Development index has a negative and significant effect with a significance value of
0.0000 on the inclusive economic development index.

DAMPAK PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN (PKH) TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA PENERIMA MANFAAT (KPM) DI KELURAHAN PARIK RANTANG KOTA PAYAKUMBUH

2025-12-19T06:47:44+00:00

This research aims to determine the impact of the Family Hope Program (PKH) on the welfare of
Beneficiary Families (KPM) in Parik Rantang Village, Payakumbuh City. This research uses secondary and
primary data. The approach method in this research uses MC Nemar with a significance level of (0.05).
Research results: MC Nemar test results 1. Health Facilities Variables a) Fulfillment of vitamin and
nutritional supplements for pregnant women has a significant effect of 0.000; b) Fulfillment of nutrition for
children under five has a significant effect of 0.001; c) Fulfillment of child immunization has a significant
effect of 0.001. 2. Educational Facilities Variables a) Children's attendance at school has a significant effect
of 0.004; b) Children's school infrastructure has a significant effect of 0.015; c) Children's school facilities
have a significant effect of 0.000. 3. Complementary Assistance Variables a) Fulfillment of basic needs has a
significant effect of 0.030; b) Health insurance has a significant effect of 0.003; c) Education fee assistance
has a significant effect of 0.005. According to research findings, policy implications that can be taken are
updating data, improving data quality, increasing assistance and monitoring of KPM

PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN PETANI KELAPA SAWIT DI NAGARI AIR HITAM KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN

2025-12-19T07:48:39+00:00

This study was motivated by the strategic role of oil palm plantations in Nagari Air Hitam, Pesisir
Selatan Regency, which have high production potential but face income inequality among farmers. The
objective of this study was to analyze the effect of selling price, land area, production volume, and production
costs on farmers' income. The method used was a quantitative approach with surveys, where primary data
was obtained through questionnaires and interviews, then analyzed using multiple linear regression. The
results showed that the four independent variables had a positive and significant effect on income, with a
high coefficient of determination. This means that most of the variation in income can be explained by these
factors. In conclusion, an increase in farmers' income can be achieved through improvements in prices, land
management, increased productivity, and production cost efficiency, with implications for the need for policy
support and farm management strategies to strengthen the welfare of palm oil farmers.

ASYMMETRY OF PRIVATE EXPENDITURE ON HEALTHCARE ON LIFE EXPECTANCY IN USA

2025-12-19T08:31:10+00:00

In this paper, author examined the short run and long run nonlinear relation between private health expenditure and life expectancy in USA during 1960-2023 and tested asymmetric impacts by applying NARDL model taking data from the World Bank and from NBER. It found that there are both short and long asymmetries. The positive changes from cumulative dynamic multiplier of private expenditure on life expectancy have positive impact and negative changes have negative impact which are significant. The positive response and negative response converged to long run limits where the former is upward and the latter is downward. The asymmetry is upward moving and became stationary above the equilibrium level within the limits of confidence interval.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO ADDRESS ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR IRAQ

2025-12-19T08:41:59+00:00

In the initial stages, the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing Iraq’s economic challenges
appeared promising, with potential solutions proposed for issues such as unemployment and inflation. However,
despite the theoretical strength of AI-driven models, Iraq’s complex economic structure marked by severe
corruption, an overreliance on oil, and a fragile institutional environment posed significant obstacles to realworld
implementation. This study examines why AI applications in Iraq’s economic development initially seemed
like a comprehensive solution but encountered substantial difficulties when addressing inflation and
unemployment concurrently. The integration of AI into Iraq’s economic planning revealed that technological tools
alone cannot overcome deeply entrenched systemic challenges without robust human oversight and institutional
reforms. Despite these limitations, AI contributed to important advances in economic modeling and policy
analysis, providing valuable insights into sustainable development strategies. The study concludes that while AI
holds promise for supporting economic policy design and evaluation, the ultimate responsibility for effective
implementation and reform remains with human decision-makers.

PENGARUH KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK DAN PENGETAHUAN PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MEMBAYAR PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN DI KAB. BANDUNG

2025-12-19T09:06:35+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of taxpayer awareness and tax knowledge on taxpayers' compliance in paying the Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) in Bandung Regency. The background of this research is based on the condition of PBB-P2 revenues that fluctuate and have not fully reached the target, one of which is due to the low level of taxpayer compliance. The research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive and verifiable methods. The research sample consisted of PBB-P2 taxpayers who were selected through purposive sampling techniques. The data was collected using a Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed by multiple linear regression using the help of statistical software. The results of the study show that taxpayer awareness and tax knowledge have a significant effect on taxpayer compliance, both partially and simultaneously. These findings indicate that increasing tax awareness and knowledge is an important strategy to encourage taxpayer compliance in paying PBB-P2, so as to optimize regional revenue.