Journal of Economic Development (Ecodev) is a peer-reviewed national journal available online and published twice a year. This statement clarifies the ethical behavior of all parties involved in publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the chief editor, the editorial board, and the peer-reviewer.

Ethical Guideline for Journal Publication: Publishing an article in a peer-reviewed journal like Ecodev is essential in developing a coherent and respected knowledge network. It directly reflects the quality of the authors' work and the institutions that support them. Peer-reviewed articles help embody the scientific method. It is, therefore, essential to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing: the author, the journal editor, the peer reviewer, the publisher, and the society. Universitas Bung Hatta, as the publisher of Ecodev, takes its duties of guardianship over all stages of publishing seriously, and we recognize our ethical and other responsibilities. We are committed to ensuring that advertising, reprints, or other commercial revenue has no impact or influence on editorial decisions. 

Publication Decisions: The editor of Ecodev is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. The validation of the work in question and its importance to researchers and readers must always drive such decisions. The editors may be guided by the policies of the journal's editorial board and constrained by such legal requirements as shall then be in force regarding libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. The editors may consult with other editors or reviewers in making this decision.

Fair Play: An editor at any time evaluates manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.

Confidentiality: The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's research without the author's express written consent.

Duties of Reviewers:

1. Contribution to Editorial Decisions - Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and, through editorial communications with the author, may also assist the author in improving the paper.
2. Promptness - Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.
3. Confidentiality - Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor.
4. Standards of Objectivity - Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Referees should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.
5. Acknowledgment of Sources - Reviewers should identify relevant published work that the authors have not cited. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the appropriate citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper they have personal knowledge.
6. Disclosure and Conflict of Interest - Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be confidential and not used for personal advantage. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts with conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

Duties of Authors:

1. Reporting Standards - Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed and an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to permit others to replicate the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.
2. Originality and Plagiarism - The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works and, if they have used the work and words of others, that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.
3. Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication - An author should generally only publish manuscripts describing the same research in one journal or primary publication. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unacceptable publishing behavior.
4. Acknowledgment of Sources - Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have influenced the nature of the reported work.
5. Authorship of the Paper - Authorship should be limited to those who have contributed significantly to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Where others have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included in the paper and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the article and have agreed to its submission for publication.
6. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest - All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflict of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their work. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.
7. Fundamental errors in published works - When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in their own published work, the author must promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.